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Italian cruiser Giovanni Bausan : ウィキペディア英語版
Italian cruiser Giovanni Bausan

''Giovanni Bausan'' was a protected cruiser of the ''Regia Marina'' (Royal Navy) that was designed and built by Sir W G Armstrong Mitchell & Co.'s Elswick Works in England in the mid-1880s. The finished ship entered service in May 1885. She was the first ship of this type to be built for the Italian fleet, and she provided the basis for subsequent designs built in Italy, including the . ''Giovanni Bausan'' was intended to serve as a "battleship destroyer", and was armed with a main battery of two guns to give her the ability to defeat heavy armor, but design flaws rendered her unfit for this role.
''Giovanni Bausan'' frequently served abroad. She participated in the conquest of Eritrea in 1887–88 as the flagship of the Italian squadron during the campaign. She took part in the Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03 alongside British and German warships. During the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–12, she provided gunfire support to Italian troops ashore in North Africa. By the outbreak of the First World War, ''Giovanni Bausan'' had been relegated to secondary duties, first as a distilling ship, and later as a depot ship for seaplanes. The ship was disarmed during the conflict and ultimately was sold to ship-breakers in March 1920.
==Design==
The design of ''Giovanni Bausan'' was based on that of Elswick's earlier , built for Chile and designed by George Rendel, and was the first modern protected cruiser constructed for the Italian Navy.〔Marshall, p. 268〕 The new ship was ordered in 1882 by Guglielmo Acton, then the Minister for the Navy,〔Sondhaus, p. 148〕 and was named for Giovanni Bausan, a Neapolitan naval commander who fought in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.〔Clowes et. all., p. 440〕 Referred to by some as a torpedo ram,〔''The Illustrated Naval and Military Magazine'', p. 316〕 she was one of the first ships of her type.〔Brook, p. 94〕 ''Giovanni Bausan'' was intended for use as a "battleship destroyer", but the low rate of fire of her guns and her lack of steadiness as a gun platform made her ineffective in this role.〔Brook, p. 97〕 She nevertheless represented a temporary embrace of the theories of the ''Jeune École'' doctrine espoused by French naval architects and strategists.〔

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